Ramadan's Over.. Now what?

[Ummati]

Top 3 After Ramadan Spiritual Productivity Tips

It’s over. Gone as quickly as it came, maybe quicker. I know I didn’t make the most of the month, and many others did not either. So what do you do now that the month is over?

We’ll cover 3 things to do that will help us keep the spirit of the month alive.

Remember, the key to the month of Ramadan is change. The change is not noticed until after the month. Think back to how you were before Ramadan started and the goals you set coming into the month. The key now is to make sure you are a little bit better than you were when Ramadan started, regardless of how your Ramadan went.

1. Du’a List Reloaded



This is the single most important tip I can share. We all had a du’a list we made. Even if we didn’t, there’s still something we were supplicating for throughout the day, at iftar time, or throughout the night. Take your list, and make it bigger.

That’s right – make it bigger. We tend to think that during Ramadan we can maximize our benefits, so it’s time to ask for whatever we want, and then for some reason we stop when the month is over. The etiquettes of du’a necessitate that we keep asking. The more we ask, the more we show our need of Allah and our humility in front of Him. So take your list and add to it. And, of course, keep reading it every day. In fact, if you read it once a day in Ramadan, make it a habit to read it once in the day and once at night.

Either way, increase your du’a time. And don’t limit yourself either. I have noticed that when I struggle spiritually, the only thing that keeps me in check is just making casual du’a. And by that I mean in English and asking for random things. It’s making du’a for help with a project at work, it’s making du’a that my kid has a good day at school. It’s a lot of “dunya” and “trivial” things, but they deepen my connection with Allah, and I feel that it allows me to have a more attentive heart when I try to ask for the “bigger and better” things like forgiveness. Keep the connection on going. Ramp it up. This is the time more than ever, especially since Ramadan is over.

2. Get Involved.

Just do something. That’s the advice. Do something meaningful and productive. You have something that you can contribute to helping others or “making the world a better place to live.” Trite as that may sound, it’s much better than spending your hours watching Jersey Shore. Go volunteer somewhere, help out with something at the masjid, or start a website, but make sure you’re doing something positive. When I go to the masjid and see volunteers who have been running around for hours, part of me used to say alhamdulillah someone else is doing that so I can focus on something else (like my own ibadah), but now I realize that was a naive outlook. It hit me this month (now that it’s ending) that those people had a much more fulfilling Ramadan than I did because they performed one of the greatest acts in that they were constantly serving others.

3. This Month is the Month of Qur’an



The fondest memories I have of this month both deal with the Qur’an. Even though I did not give the book its proper due this month, I still received benefit from the little that I was able to put in.

The first moment was listening to this lecture by Wisam Sharieff: What Allah Wants for You. He covered 2 ayaat of Surat’l-Nisaa’, and I felt that I had never understood this message before, even though it is a message crucial to my identity as a Muslim. To give you the gist, it is that Allah wishes to forgive us, but we don’t take the step to let Him.

The second moment was while I was “killing time” in the masjid, and randomly opened up to a shorter chapter and began reading the translation. I realized that I don’t do this enough. In my mind, I have built up an ‘Arabic or bust’ mentality to such an extent that it has been years since I just opened a translation and tried to comprehend even a little bit of what is being said and have my own personal reflection on the basic and core messages of the Qur’an.

So that is my final advice: the month of the Qur’an may be over, but don’t let that mean your relationship with it is over too. Make time to read the Qur’an, memorize it, study it and try to do it in a blessed place whenever the opportunity arises.

Ramadan is over. Most of us fell short in reaching our goals, but this is not a reason for sadness. The true test of how our Ramadan went is how much we changed because of it. Perhaps some of us hit a home run in the month and the carry over effect is enough to change us. But there are others of us who are so frustrated with ourselves for not taking advantage that maybe we declare now once and for all that we are sick and tired of being sick and tired, and it causes us to change. Either way, the goal is the same. I’ve shared the 3 tips with you that I feel I needed most and hope that it helps.




Posted by ibnabeeomar at www.muslimmatters.org

[Ummati]

Talk referred to above,

What Allah Wants For You - by Hafidh Wisam Sharieff

[iLoveAllah]

Sh. Abdul-Nasir Jangda | How to Keep the Spirit of Ramadan Going

Alhumdulila this is a very bittersweet moment we are all experiencing at the end of the month of Ramadan. Maybe we all have some regret and remorse for the opportunities we missed out on during Ramadan. But at the same time, it is also an opportunity to be grateful and thank Allah for the blessing and ability that he did give us. Insha Allah we go forward from here trying to be better people, to be the best that we can be, and hoping in the Mercy of Allah SWT, that we will live up to our intention of being better people.

The Quran very specifically points out that taqwa is the objective of the month of Ramadan- in simple words, the objective of Ramadan is to become a better person. What that exactly means, this is subjective, it differs from person to person.. for someone it can mean I didnt pray, now I will pray 5 times a day.. for another is could be that I had a very strange relationship with my wife, I learnt patience, gratitude, respect during Ramadan and I hope from now on my family relationships will be better.

For another, it could be my home life is fine, so are my prayers, but I didnt like to put money in the donation box. I learnt to do this in the month of Ramadan. Whatever my challenge was, the month of Ramadan gave me the tools "fasting, qiyam, dhikr" all are training that help me become a better person.

How do we keep it going?

You typically do not hear this but we wont be able to keep Ramadan going: it is a special time, there is something different about Ramadan, the entire community fasting for an entire month together. When we set up an unrealistic goal, how can we achieve that? The objective is not to literally keep Ramadan going.

Shawwal has started. What is practical? How can we make an effort? How can keep that same zeal, energy, dhikr, taqwa, salah, same connection to Allah going?

About fasting Allah says: La ala kum tattaqoon

Taqwa is at the end of the ayah, at the end of this training what do we want? Taqwa is what I want to walk away with. Ramadan is gone and Shawwal is here, then Dhul Qadah and Dhul Hajjah. I can not keep Ramadan here but what I can keep is being aware, being cognizant of my choices, I can keep consciousness of Allah SWT, that is something we can keep going.

2 Simple Thoughts

If you have more or if you already have your objectives laid out, than that is great but for people at my level, who dont know where to go after this awesome month.- who are thinking I dont know where to go, what do I do in the days after Eid?

Consistency- strive to achieve consistency, not with what you were doing in the whole month of Ramadan, but pinpoint something, even it is: I will read Quran ten minutes a day, I didnt read Quran before. Find something that you didnt do before Ramadan and do it now.

I pray 5 times but do not come to masjid so everyday I will come to the masjid once a day, I will pray Fajr at the masjid, start my day right. Coming home from work instead of crashing in front of a TV, I will come to the masjid at least once a day. I will pray in Jamaah, with the community. Find something small and gain consistency with that ie, I will put a quarter in the sadaqa box at home and when it fills up I will bring it to the masjid. The best of deeds are those that are done consistently, they are the kind that are long lasting. The Prophet ofAllah pbuh said: And the most beloved of good deeds to Allah is that in which a person persists, even if it is little. (Narrated by al-Bukhari & Muslim)

The word used is Wa in kal- even if they are very little. The word for very small is also very small too- kalla. Two letters repeat each other, squish them together, a small verb, making idgham, a minimun of a three letter word become a 2 letter word, small word, just a little bit. This is the part of the eloquence of the Arabic language.

So I will do a good deed EVERY single day, I will find consistency.

Another hadith of the Prophet that I found in Bukhari, is about a person, who is consistently doing a good deed and does it in routine, now one day you get sick or your boss tell you to go to another field office, something comes up and you werent able to do the deed for the day. Allah tells the angels to still write down the reward for him. Allah says yes, because that a part of life, my slave made the full effort, he made the effort routinely, give him the full reward.

A convergence of events- Ramadan is ending and our kids are going back to school, our youth are going back to school, they have to make choices everyday, good or bad, good or bad, every day.

In Surah Shu'ra Allah SWT tells us who He is.

And He it is Who accepts repentance from His slaves, and forgives sins, and He knows what you do.

He continues (madare form, action renews itself) to accept taubah (repentance) from his slaves and continues to wipe away the sins. Taubah is making a u-turn, you start making a choice and going down a path and then say to yourself No. He continues to wipe away sins, He embraces you in His Mercy and any baggage that you are coming with is brushed away.

wa ya'fu an sayyiaat



You will not be perfect, you may not always meet your goals, you may be really disappointed in yourself, just make that u-turn, dont worry about it. He will wipe it away, turn around comeback to Allah, follow it up with a good deed, realize that you will mess up, keep returning back to Allah .

wa ya'lamu ma taf'aloon

That waw is a waw haaliya and in English it mean even though, he continues to accept repentance from his slaves and wipe away the sins even though He knows what we will tomorrow but today He will forgive you.

That is who we are dealing with- He who accepts and forgives you even though He knows what you are going to do tomorrow. Allah SWT knows that you will mess up today, He continues to forgive even though He knows we will mess up. Keep returning back to Allah over and over again. If you follow up a bad deed with a good deed, not only will He will wipe away the sins and he will take your sins and convert them into good deeds for you.

[Mujaahid]

[Mujaahid]

What’s After Ramadan ??

While saying goodbye to Ramadan, each one of us should ask himself these questions: What have I gained from this month? Have I passed the test? Did I obtain taqwa?

Do the lessons of Ramadan end with it, or continue after it? In sha Allah, let us continue the good throughout the whole year. What can we do??

1. Fasting: we’ve learned from fasting how to soften our souls and break their desires. The prophet (Salallahu ‘alyhi wa sallam) encouraged us to continue fasting six days during the month of Shawwal when he said, “Whoever fasts the month of Ramadan and he follows it with six days of Shawwal as if he fast the whole year”. The Prophet (Salallahu ‘alyhi wa sallam) also fasted on Mondays and Thursdays so let us try to do that in sha Allah.

2. Praying Taraweeh: Praying at night was the habit of the Prophet (Salallahu ‘alyhi wa sallam) all his life, and he used to encourage his followers to do so.

3. The recitation of the Quran: You must not stop reading the Quran after Ramadan, otherwise you’ll be among those whom the prophet Salallahu ‘alyhi wa sallam described as Allah says, “And the messenger said, ‘O my Lord! Verily my people have deserted this Quran. And remember the advice of the Prophet (Salallahu ‘alyhi wa sallam) when he said, “Read the Quran repeatedly, for the reason that it is easier to be released from the chests of men than the camel from its leash”.

4. Charity: Allah (Subhanahu watta’la) says, “those who spend their wealth day and night, secretly and publicly, their reward is with their lord…’. The messenger of Allah (Salallahu ‘alyhi wa sallam) said, “When the son of Adam dies, his deeds will be terminated except in case of one of these three: a continual charity, or a beneficial knowledge, or a pious son who prays for his father.

5. Abandoning the Evil: Abandoning the evil and committing sins is a must in Ramadan and outside Ramadan. It is the deed of the people of true faith. There is no goodness in a Muslim who doesn’t do evil in Ramadan but as soon as Ramadan ends, he goes back to his evil deeds.

I ask Allah (Subhanahu watta’la) to bless us all, to accept our Ibadah, and to save us all from the hellfire. Ameen.

[iLoveAllah]

I ask Allah (Subhanahu watta’la) to bless us all, to accept our Ibadah, and to save us all from the hellfire.

Ameen.

Jazak Allah for the above

[Ummati]

Manage and Sustain Your New Productive Ramadan Habits!



by Jihan Anwar

We have a crucial choice to make: you can have a year like any other, or you can achieve ultimate happiness and success. How? Decide to live in the true spirit of Ramadan – all year round.

What is preventing us from living everyday with the same level of spirituality, self-control, and productivity we reach in Ramadan? Productivity, applied in an Islamic context, has a different, complete meaning. It implies living our lives in a manner that not only benefit us while we are in this earth, but that, by the mercy of Allah (glorified and exalted be He), will allow us to enter Paradise. Usually bad habits hinder us from that and Ramadan is our opportunity to break that downward spiral, to bring change to our lives, and alter every dimension of our being.

So, how can we maintain good habits?

Know what habits we should give up by Ramadan. Focus on the phrase “by Ramadan.” Be prepared to undertake this journey to instill your habit into your life. Don’t wait till the last day before Ramadan to eliminate undesired acts. Start thinking what you can do this very day to please Allah, to fight Shaytan. Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allâh be upon him) warned us: “Allah has no interest in any person’s abstention from eating and drinking, if that person does not give up lying and dishonest actions.”

What are the habits we should implement?

Below are some examples to get you started on your own list:

• Regular Prayer

• Modesty

• Repentance

• Fasting

• Du’aa, Adhkar

• Charity

• Feeding the poor, caring for orphans

• Visiting relatives

• Visiting sick persons

• Waking up before Fajr

• Sleeping early

• Eating light, healthy food

• Forgiving people

• Gratitude

• Humility

• Patience

•Empathy

To be able to sustain productive ramadan habits we need to understand why we perform them in the first place. Be knowledgeable and get informed; read Islamic books and articles. This way, you will be able to comprehend, implement, and teach other Muslims about what you learn.

Ramadan was a recharging month – the levels of energy increase if you live it properly. In Economics, there is a concept that is useful in explaining the effect that Ramadan should have on our lives: it refers to buying something in a specific period of time, but spreading the cost and benefits of it throughout the years. In Ramadan, all of a sudden we start praying taraweeh every night, reading the Quran with the intent of completing it in 30 days, giving frequent charity, and so forth. We gain so much spiritual energy; but this is not designed to fade after Eid. This is supposed to charge us till next year, continuing the great will-power and positive habit we gained for the coming months.

The Quran says that Ramadan was prescribed to us so we obtain a greater amount of taqwa; to be able to reach such a condition that we purify our hearts, detach from this dunya and see life in perspective. Attaining this state of God-conciousness of Allah throughout our lives and Ramadan is a great time to develop our faith. We need to realize that this dunya is not the ultimate abode: we should be balanced in enjoying the bounties we are blessed with, taking what we need and leaving the rest – so as Muslims we are also minimalists.

It is also interesting to read that the Sahaba were very careful to carry on the same practices they performed during Ramadan for the following months, and then would prepare for Ramadan for months before it. Why this great attachment to Ramadan? What is surprising is not that they cared so much about it, but that most of us have not nearly the same consideration for the month of the Quran? Indeed, our enthusiasm is usually temporary, and the fall in our old selves seems inevitable (but it doesn’t need to be!)

Break bad habits

Ramadan is the ideal time to break bad habits because the devils are chained and are not able to tempt us. Any bad action we commit is not whispered by the shaytan, but from our nafs. They became habits and we started doing them without realizing it – automatically – so to fix the problem we need to become conscious of actions. Monitor yourself, make the intention, research, make du’a, and repent.

Shaytan will try to take you away from Allah, tricking you into thinking that you have made too many mistakes to be forgiven, or that you’re just too weak to change (‘you’ve tried before and failed, again and again’) – do not be fooled, ask Allah (glorified and exalted be He) for help and repent.

Think critically about your unproductive habits

What would happen in 3, 5, 10 years, or in akhirah(!) if you don’t break these habits? What’s the worst thing that could happen if you don’t give them up? What’s the best thing that could happen if do? Imagine how your life would be if you do keep up this habit. Recognize what it is that tempts you to go carry on the habit and clear your house from it and keep distance from it. Knowing the benefits of keeping up good habits can help you visualize yourself as having those habits.

Research the consequences of bad habits such as smoking, drinking caffeine-rich drinks, unhealthy eating behavior, violent or rude behavior. If you still decide to keep them, you will have no excuses in the Hereafter and it’s almost like you’re cheating yourself.

Start small

Don’t attempt to wear yourself out by doing everything perfectly at once, rather put the priority on consistency Our Prophet (peace and blessings of Allâh be upon him) emphasized this by teaching us to do good deeds properly and sincerely; that the most beloved deed is that which is regular and consistent, even if small.

Seek His help

Write down a dua’a in which you ask Allah (glorified and exalted be He) to strengthen your faith and piety, and to bring you to closer to ihsan. Recite this dua everyday.

Replace them with good ones

The hard part in giving up a habit is not knowing what to do to fill that sudden void, what to do with the surplus time and energy. Find a replacement action that is positive or beneficial which you can stick to.

Hold yourself accountable

Remember that each and every habit can be broken. Brushing something off as an ‘addiction’ is no more than an excuse to not deal with the problem. Evaluate yourself, monitor your progress, reflect.

Take each day as your last day

Don’t take tomorrow as a guarantee. If you die tomorrow, have nothing to regret. Put your list somewhere visible so that you will continually reminded of your objectives. Make this a memorable ramadan by applying the above tips and sustaining your newly instilled habits that lead to your new life as a Productive Muslim!

[bint e Adam]

MAINTAINING THE SPIRITUAL HIGH OF RAMADAN WHEN YOU ARE ON YOUR OWN.

This article was written by a British revert who observed Ramadan on his own in Spain and Poland in 2013, and in Spain and China 2012, in the hope to inspire and encourage reverts and other Muslims to keep up the spirituality post-Ramadan until the next one. He also hopes that the article will encourage Muslim families to adopt a revert Muslim now that Ramadan is over and keep them smiling into the next one!



The excitement of Eid is over. You are a revert Muslim and maybe it was your first time. There were times when you were not sure you were going to make it and even times when you were not sure of anything much at all. It was 30 days of extreme physical and mental tests, long nights of prayer and lonely hours (at least in my case) of a dry throat. Now on completion you will never forget those 30 days; every year from now on will mean something more than you ever could have imagined. They will forever be embedded in your heart and mind as a testimony to your resolve and unshaking belief in the shahadah, which you know beyond a doubt that you now firmly believe in.

And then in that joy comes the “crash” – the sense of emptiness, of abyss. You climbed so high to achieve the long fasts and Taraweeh of Ramadan and now everywhere you look is down. At the top, the climb seems nowhere near as bad as the descent. And if you are feeling like that, trust me I was the same in 2012 in China, knowing I would go back to Spain, which isn’t the most Muslim-friendly place. This thought then filled my heart with a little bit of dread and then the desperation set in.

What do I do now? What does Allah (glorified and exalted be He) want from me? What do I do at iftar? How do I maintain that sense of community?

With the end of Ramadan, it was like my “Muslimness” was draining away and no sense of scrambling would get it back. That sense of knowing Allah (glorified and exalted be He) when refusing a cup of tea until the final bowel of Magrib because you’re a Muslim, or the near militant avoidance of the use of bad language or the refusal to listen to non-Muslim worship during Ramadan was gone. Even the wearing of the prayer hat (all Muslims in China wear it as part of their identity) and the Productive Muslim videos seemingly made no sense… at least not until next year.

And in that desperation, I did the only thing I could do. I turned to Allah (glorified and exalted be He) once more. Not because I was a “good Muslim” but because I didn’t know what else to do. I could not ask my family and within a short time the Muslims I had come to know in China were literally going to be on the other side of the world.

At this moment I knelt in my long prayer clothing with my hood up on my pink prayer mat and opened my ears wide. What did Allah (glorified and exalted be He) need to say to me? It was my first Ramadan and it was all over. How could I fill the emptiness? The answers did not come all at once. One did but the others come later, some even during my second Ramadan.

First thing to remember is that you are not chasing a spiritual high but you are running after Allah (glorified and exalted be He), the one true God.

Any Muslim looking to emulate a spiritual high will be highly disappointed and will only be drunk in it. The “high” is the blessing one gets for seeking Allah (glorified and exalted be He). The minute you stop seeking Him is the minute the food spoils and makes you sick. The blessing fades and turns abruptly into a nightmare because as writer Yasmin Mogahed says:

“You can only run in one direction. So you are either running to God, or you are running to something else…”

So with that in mind, how does one stay in the blessing of Ramadan?

1. Remind yourself why you felt blessed during Ramadan and why you did it in the first place. In my case I did not do it because it was a pillar of Islam, but I did it to feel closer to Allah (glorified and exalted be He) and to understand my mustekeem better. So I read the Qur’an more comprehensively, prayed more frequently, actively bought Islamic books on family life and marriage (seeing as it is the other half of the deen) to read in Ramadan and after it. In other words I surrounded myself with things that would allow me to have a better relationship with Allah (glorified and exalted be He) and the Ummah. In doing so, I received Allah (glorified and exalted be He)’s blessing and actively felt blessed. If I had to give one piece of advice this post-Ramadan I would say: write down or talk to a brother or sister about your blessings and how you wish to walk in them in the coming year. This means, at least it did in my case, a brainstorming session (or two or three) with your best friends or family.

2. Reflect on Allah (glorified and exalted be He)’s greatness every time you say “Allahu Akbar” and what He inspired you to achieve. I am not one to write things down but rather a person who “meditates” on such things. Doing my quiet times on the bus (which were not actually quiet, given how crowded a place China is), I made it part of my worship. In this worship, I processed what had happened to me doing Ramadan and was happening to me now, after Eid. I asked friends of mine what they thought of “my Ramadan”, which was a rather revealing though a not too comfortable experience that told me a lot about myself and my relationship with Islam (my good and bad attitudes). If you are a revert or even a born Muslim it is actually very worthwhile to ask a non-Muslim person you trust to give their honest opinion as they see things that Muslims may not always notice, given that they are themselves focusing on prayer and fasting themselves! Allah (glorified and exalted be He)’s greatness can be reflected everywhere (unless it is strictly haram) and in every person (obviously to a varying degree) so don’t make the mistake of only asking the holiest person you meet!

3. Ask Allah (glorified and exalted be He) what He wants you to do with your new found skills of post-Ramadan (in my case more patience and a greater awareness of poverty and physical hardship). I did a lot of dua following Ramadan and asked Allah (glorified and exalted be He) about the things I had read, the people I had meet and the skills I had learned. I also went out and actively did something about it. Dua is only the beginning and changes little if you do not act on it. Dua is participatory; it is not a monologue and involves interaction with Allah (glorified and exalted be He) and subsequently other people, in order that Allah (glorified and exalted be He) can show you how to make your pure heartfelt desires a reality. Think Action Plan, in blocks or a series of steps (I prefer not to have a timeframe as I lose motivation.)

4. Remember your brothers and sisters are exactly that and did not just adopt you doing Ramadan. Invest time in building and maintaining Halal relationships with them. Frequent Halal shops, buying only what you need that day so you have to return the next one. Make time, not excuses, no matter how far the mosque is, (trust me all of mine are far) to get there on a daily basis. Actively look for opportunities to interact or offer your support to someone.

5. Continue to frequently consult the new websites from where you obtained Qur’anic insights to live a highly productive and spiritual Ramadan. In my case this was how I first became acquainted with Abu Productive.

6. Keep up any one of the routines you established during Ramadan – continuity is key. If you made it your goal in Ramadan 2012 to pray ALL 5 no matter where you were or to pray at the mosque daily in Ramadan 2013, keep up the habit! If you found time during Ramadan to go the gym and work a full-time job, you will still have that time when after Ramadan. It might mean, as it did in my case, that you make it your business to know every mosque in the city or that you book appointments and work schedule (or even leisure activities) around prayer times but believe me, it is worth it. I just think of all the exercise and fat I burn cycling to the masjid and the less time I have to sit wasting time on my computer.

7. Ask Allah (glorified and exalted be He) what you need to work on after Ramadan which you didn’t have time to perfect during Ramadan. In my first one the focus was more physical, given the shock my body had. The focus of my second one was consistent masjid attendance. I am sure the next thing I MUST work on is patience. In this year’s post-Ramadan I will, In sha Allah, be looking at what frustrates me and how I can avoid that feeling of frustration. In my case prayer is the number solution and actually my best non-Muslim friend gives me my prayer mat when I am annoyed! Attack what you need to work on from two angles, find out the source or the reason behind the need to change, develop and/or grow and facilitate the solution.

8) O you who have believed, seek help through patience and prayer. Indeed, Allah is with the patient. [Qur'an: Chapter 2, Verse 153]. In your post-Ramadan, there will be times where you don’t feel spiritual at all. You might even feel fed-up and irritable, having slipped up and lost your newly created habits, be it gym attendance, masjid attendance, reduction in the number of swear words you allow to pass your lips etc. Pray about it, commit the issue to Allah (glorified and exalted be He). Make yourself accountable to a Muslim of the same sex (i.e. not your wife or husband though they should know you are doing it and who with), not to revel in it but to genuinely seek Allah (glorified and exalted be He)’s Will on the matter. Ask him/her to commit to doing dua for you too and be patient and steadfast.

Lastly, remember if you forget to take prescribed medicine it normally says on the instruction leaflet, not to take a double dose but rather resume the medicine again as soon as you remember or as soon as you can. This is what I encourage you to do when and if you should slip up. Commit to prayer, be patient with yourself and as soon as you can resume your normal “Ramadan” behaviour. For this is now you, not the man or woman before Ramadan but the one after!

So with these tips, prepare yourself to have a different but equally enriching post-Ramadan experience until the next one, In sha Allah.



About the Author:

Kai Ibrahim is a self-employed editor, translator and researcher. His specialist subject lies in the field of renewable energy and the environment. Predominantly based at Universidad Zaragoza, Spain, Kai found the mustakeem in 2011 while studying in Scotland.